التَّعَارُفُ
Getting to Know One Another
The complete material of book lesson 2: the dialogue, the vocabulary, the first verbs (فَعَلَ, دَرَسَ), the possessive endings on بَيْتٌ, and everything the teacher's test adds (كِتَابٌ with its endings, هَذَا, هَلْ, a few adjectives).
- The dialogue
- Vocabulary
- Expressions in the dialogue
- Grammar I — the first verbs
- Grammar II — the possessive endings
- Grammar III — sentences with possessives
- What the teacher tests
- Role-play script
Why this lesson matters for your goal
The possessive endings of section 5 are among the most frequent things in the whole Quran: رَبُّكَ, رَبُّنَا, رَبُّهُمْ, كِتَابُهُ — the same twelve endings, on every noun. You already met one in lesson 1 without noticing: وَبَرَكَاتُـهُ, “and His blessings”. And the verb table of section 4 is the skeleton on which every verb in the book — and in the Hadith — will hang.
1 · The dialogue (p. 10)
Read each line aloud with every ḥaraka before you click it. Two people who do not know each other: greeting, name, country, what are you doing here. The second dialogue is the same conversation between two women.
2 · Vocabulary المُفْرَدُ / الجَمْعُ (p. 11)
| Meaning | الجَمْعُ | المُفْرَدُ |
|---|---|---|
| what (before a noun: مَا اسْمُكَ؟) | — | مَا |
| name (Turkish isim) | أَسْمَاءٌ | اِسْمٌ |
| where | — | أَيْنَ |
| Spain | — | أَسْبَانِيَا |
| Britain | — | بِرِيطَانِيَا |
| what (before a verb: مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ؟) | — | مَاذَا |
| here | — | هُنَا |
| university (same root as cami: the place that gathers) | جَامِعَاتٌ | جَامِعَةٌ |
| America | — | أَمْرِيكَا |
3 · Expressions in the dialogue
The expression table on p. 15 is empty in this lesson; the book expects you to take these straight from the dialogue.
| Meaning | To whom | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| What is your name? | m / f | مَا اسْمُكَ؟ / مَا اسْمُكِ؟ |
| My name is … | — | اِسْمِي … |
| And you? | m / f | وَأَنْتَ؟ / وَأَنْتِ؟ |
| Where are you from? | m / f | مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ / مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ؟ |
| I am from … | — | أَنَا مِنْ … |
| What are you doing here? | m / f | مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟ / مَاذَا تَفْعَلِينَ هُنَا؟ |
| I study at the university | — | أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ |
| Until next time, [name] | — | إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، حَمْزَةُ |
4 · Grammar I — the first verbs (pp. 13–14)
The verb table has five columns. Four of them are filled in this lesson; the narrow الحَرْفُ column stays empty for now.
| Meaning | المَصْدَرُ | الأَمْرُ | المُضَارِعُ | المَاضِي |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to do | فِعْلٌ | اِفْعَلْ | يَفْعَلُ | فَعَلَ |
| to study | دَرْسٌ | دِرَاسَةٌ | اُدْرُسْ | يَدْرُسُ | دَرَسَ |
| Column | What it is | With دَرَسَ |
|---|---|---|
| المَاضِي | the past — “he did”. This is the form the book lists a verb under, the way a dictionary would. | دَرَسَ |
| المُضَارِعُ | the present — “he does / is doing” | يَدْرُسُ |
| الأَمْرُ | the command — “do!” (to one man) | اُدْرُسْ |
| المَصْدَرُ | the verbal noun — “doing, the act of …”. A noun: it takes tanwīn and can carry الْ. | دَرْسٌ / دِرَاسَةٌ |
The present tense changes with the person
The table gives the “he” form. In the dialogue three other forms appear, and they differ from يَدْرُسُ / يَفْعَلُ only at the beginning — and, for “you (f.)”, at the end:
| Person | Prefix / ending | to do | to study | In the dialogue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | أَـ | أَفْعَلُ | أَدْرُسُ | أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ |
| you m | تَـ | تَفْعَلُ | تَدْرُسُ | مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟ |
| you f | تَـ … ـِينَ | تَفْعَلِينَ | تَدْرُسِينَ | مَاذَا تَفْعَلِينَ هُنَا؟ |
| he | يَـ | يَفْعَلُ | يَدْرُسُ | (the table form) |
Only these four forms occur in book lesson 2. The other persons (she, we, you-plural, they …) come in later lessons — do not guess them yet. Note the Turkish parallel for “you (f.)”: nothing. Turkish yapıyorsun is the same to a man and a woman; Arabic marks the listener's gender on the verb, as it did on ـكَ / ـكِ.
Sentences with أَنَا + verb
The teacher's checklist asks for “simple sentences using أَنَا + verbs (أَنَا أَدْرُسُ)”. The verb already contains “I” in its prefix, so the book's dialogue says simply أَدْرُسُ; adding أَنَا in front is allowed and gives emphasis (“I study …”), exactly like Turkish ben çalışıyorum next to çalışıyorum.
أَنَا أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ · أَنَا أَفْعَلُ · مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟ — أَدْرُسُ هُنَا
5 · Grammar II — the possessive endings ضَمَائِرُ المِلْكِيَّةِ (p. 16)
Lesson 1 gave you ـي (my), ـكَ / ـكِ (your) and ـنَا (our). Here is the full set — one ending for each of the twelve pronouns, shown on بَيْتٌ. Compare with the Turkish column: Turkish has the same idea (ev-im, ev-in, ev-i) but only six endings, because it ignores gender and the dual.
| Meaning | Turkish | Example | Ending | Pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| my house | evim | بَيْتِي | ـِي | أَنَا |
| our house | evimiz | بَيْتُنَا | ـنَا | نَحْنُ |
| your house one male | evin | بَيْتُكَ | ـكَ | أَنْتَ |
| your house one female | evin | بَيْتُكِ | ـكِ | أَنْتِ |
| your house (you two) | ikinizin evi | بَيْتُكُمَا | ـكُمَا | أَنْتُمَا |
| your house group of males | eviniz | بَيْتُكُمْ | ـكُمْ | أَنْتُمْ |
| your house group of females | eviniz | بَيْتُكُنَّ | ـكُنَّ | أَنْتُنَّ |
| his house | evi | بَيْتُهُ | ـهُ | هُوَ |
| her house | evi | بَيْتُهَا | ـهَا | هِيَ |
| their house (those two) | ikisinin evi | بَيْتُهُمَا | ـهُمَا | هُمَا |
| their house group of males | evleri | بَيْتُهُمْ | ـهُمْ | هُمْ |
| their house group of females | evleri | بَيْتُهُنَّ | ـهُنَّ | هُنَّ |
Three things to see in that table
- The tanwīn disappears. بَيْتٌ (a house) becomes بَيْتُـ + ending. A noun with an owner is definite — “my house”, not “a house” — and definite nouns never carry tanwīn (compare الْبَيْتُ, “the house”).
- The joint vowel is ḍamma in every row but one: بَيْتُنَا، بَيْتُكَ، بَيْتُهُ …. The exception is “my”: بَيْتِي — the ـي pulls the vowel before it to kasra.
- The endings are the pronouns, shortened. ـكُمَا ↔ أَنْتُمَا, ـكُمْ ↔ أَنْتُمْ, ـكُنَّ ↔ أَنْتُنَّ, ـهُمَا ↔ هُمَا, ـهُمْ ↔ هُمْ, ـهُنَّ ↔ هُنَّ. If you know the twelve pronouns of lesson 1, you know ten of these endings already.
6 · Grammar III — sentences with possessives
The teacher's test (pp. 12–15) builds short sentences out of three pieces you now have: a possessed noun (بَيْتُهُ, كِتَابِي …), the pattern “X [is] Y” from lesson 1, and a handful of new words that the test uses without introducing them:
| Meaning | Used as | Word |
|---|---|---|
| book | noun, takes the same endings as بَيْتٌ | كِتَابٌ |
| this (m.) | هَذَا بَيْتِي — this [is] my house | هَذَا |
| question mark in words: “is …?” | هَلْ هَذَا بَيْتُهَا؟ — is this her house? | هَلْ |
| big | after the noun: بَيْتُهُ كَبِيرٌ | كَبِيرٌ |
| beautiful, nice | بَيْتُكُمْ جَمِيلٌ | جَمِيلٌ |
| new | كِتَابُهُ جَدِيدٌ | جَدِيدٌ |
| near (to) | قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ | قَرِيبٌ مِنْ |
| very | after the adjective: جَمِيلٌ جِدًّا | جِدًّا |
| now | نَحْنُ فِي بَيْتِنَا الآنَ | الآنَ |
| the city | فِي المَدِينَةِ | المَدِينَةُ |
The test's house sentences (pp. 12–13)
| Meaning | Arabic (as printed in the test) |
|---|---|
| This is my house. | هَذَا بَيْتِي. |
| Where is your house? f | أَيْنَ بَيْتُكِ؟ |
| His house is big. | بَيْتُهُ كَبِيرٌ. |
| We are in our house now. | نَحْنُ فِي بَيْتِنَا الآنَ. |
| Is this her house? | هَلْ هَذَا بَيْتُهَا؟ |
| Your house is very beautiful. (plural) | بَيْتُكُمْ جَمِيلٌ جِدًّا. |
| Where is their house? | أَيْنَ بَيْتُهُمْ؟ |
| Your house is near the university. (dual) | بَيْتُكُمَا قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ. |
| Their house is in the city. (f. plural) | بَيْتُهُنَّ فِي المَدِينَةِ. |
| This is their house. (dual) | هَذَا بَيْتُهُمَا. |
The test's book sentences (pp. 14–15)
| Meaning | Arabic (as printed in the test) |
|---|---|
| This is my book. | هَذَا كِتَابِي. |
| Where is your book? m | أَيْنَ كِتَابُكَ؟ |
| Where is your book? f | أَيْنَ كِتَابُكِ؟ |
| His book is new. | كِتَابُهُ جَدِيدٌ. |
| This is her book. | هَذَا كِتَابُهَا. |
| Our book is big. | كِتَابُنَا كَبِيرٌ. |
| This is your book. (dual) | هَذَا كِتَابُكُمَا. |
| Your book is new. (plural) | كِتَابُكُمْ جَدِيدٌ. |
| Their book is beautiful. m | كِتَابُهُمْ جَمِيلٌ. |
| Their book is big. f | كِتَابُهُنَّ كَبِيرٌ. |
The English column on the facing test page does not always match the Arabic column word for word (it says “Her book is big” where the Arabic has هَذَا كِتَابُهَا, “Your house is in America” where the Arabic has قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ, and so on). Translate whatever is in front of you; the endings are what is being tested. For “in America / in Spain” you would say بَيْتُكُمَا فِي أَمْرِيكَا, بَيْتُهُنَّ فِي أَسْبَانِيَا.
7 · What the teacher tests (Student Test pp. 11–18)
7.1 Read and translate (p. 11)
The book's dialogue, but now between a man and a woman — so the endings switch inside every exchange. Hamza speaks to Aliya with ـكِ, she answers him with ـكَ; she asks تَفْعَلُ because he is the one doing.
7.2 Translate the sentences (pp. 12–15)
Ten house sentences and ten book sentences, each way — the tables in section 6 are the complete list.
7.3 Attach the right ending to بَيْت (p. 16)
The twelve pronouns are given, أَنَا → بَيْتِي is filled in as the example, and you complete the other eleven. That is the table in section 5, third column, from memory.
7.4 Role-play (p. 17) and checklist (p. 18)
- Can read fluently short paragraphs with ḥarakāt → section 1, 7.1
- Good understanding of basic introductions → section 3
- Ability to ask and respond to “Where are you from?” → مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ — أَنَا مِنْ …
- Can use possessive pronouns correctly (بَيْتِي، بَيْتُكَ، بَيْتُهُ) → section 5
- Uses genders accordingly in introductions and pronouns → أَنْتَ / أَنْتِ, ـكَ / ـكِ, تَفْعَلُ / تَفْعَلِينَ
- Can form simple sentences using أَنَا + verbs (أَنَا أَدْرُسُ) → section 4
- Can use the word أَيْنَ to ask “where” → أَيْنَ بَيْتُكَ؟ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ؟
8 · Role-play: introduce yourself (p. 17)
Lesson 1's script plus the three new exchanges. Prepare both versions (teacher as a man / as a woman); the coloured parts change.
(teacher answers, asks your name)
اِسْمِي سَرْدَار. وَأَنْتَ / وَأَنْتِ؟
(teacher: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟)
أَنَا مِنْ … . وَأَنْتَ / وَأَنْتِ؟
(teacher: مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟)
أَنَا أَدْرُسُ … . إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ.
The book gives no Arabic for Germany or Turkey. The usual names are أَلْمَانِيَا and تُرْكِيَا — they are not from the book, so confirm them with your teacher before you rely on them. Likewise ask him what to say instead of فِي الجَامِعَةِ if you are not a university student.
Primary source
Study Book pp. 10, 11, 13, 16 hold the whole lesson (pp. 12, 14, 15 are empty or nearly empty tables). Student Test pp. 11–18 is exactly what the teacher will put in front of you; the extra words it uses (كِتَابٌ، هَذَا، هَلْ، كَبِيرٌ، جَمِيلٌ، جَدِيدٌ …) are collected in section 6.
Next
Lesson 3 — The Family (Study Book pp. 17–25): هَذَا gets its full family of demonstratives (هَذِهِ، هَذَانِ، هَؤُلَاءِ، ذَلِكَ …) and several new verbs follow the فَعَلَ row.
Quiz: possessive endings — 26 questions on the twelve endings and the test sentences.