Reference · Verbs
Verbs — the four forms
Every verb from the book's verb tables so far (lessons 2–5), with the four columns the book prints: past, present, command, verbal noun. Copied exactly as printed, ḥarakāt included.
| Column | What it is | Example |
|---|---|---|
| المَاضِي | past — “he did”; the form a verb is listed under | دَرَسَ |
| المُضَارِعُ | present — “he does / is doing” | يَدْرُسُ |
| الأَمْرُ | command — “do!” (to one man) | اُدْرُسْ |
| المَصْدَرُ | verbal noun — “the doing of …”; a noun with tanwīn | دِرَاسَةٌ |
Hide a column, say it aloud, then tap the empty cell to check. “Test mode” is the teacher's task on test p. 32: the present is given, you supply the other three.
Lesson 2 · Study Book p. 13
to doL2 · p. 13
فَعَلَ
يَفْعَلُ
اِفْعَلْ
فِعْلٌ
The model verb: ف ع ل stand for the three root letters of any verb.
to studyL2 · p. 13
دَرَسَ
يَدْرُسُ
اُدْرُسْ
دَرْسٌ | دِرَاسَةٌ
Ḍamma inside the present (يَدْرُسُ) and on the command's alif. The book gives two maṣdars.
Lesson 3 · Study Book p. 22
to workL3 · p. 22
عَمِلَ
يَعْمَلُ
اِعْمَلْ
عَمَلٌ
Kasra in the middle of the past: عَمِلَ, not عَمَلَ.
to goL3 · p. 22
ذَهَبَ
يَذْهَبُ
اِذْهَبْ
ذَهَابٌ
to wantL3 · p. 22
أَرَادَ
يُرِيدُ
أَرِدْ
إِرَادَةٌ
Ḍamma on the prefix: يُرِيدُ (past begins with أَ).
to buyL3 · p. 22
اِشْتَرَى
يَشْتَرِي
اِشْتَرِ
اِشْتِرَاءٌ
The command ends in a bare kasra — the final ي drops.
to liveL3 · p. 22
عَاشَ
يَعِيشُ
عِشْ
مَعِيشَةٌ
Long vowel in the middle: the command shrinks to two letters.
Lesson 4 · Study Book p. 31
to rentL4 · p. 31
اِسْتَأْجَرَ
يَسْتَأْجِرُ
اِسْتَأْجِرْ
اِسْتِئْجَارٌ
Long past, but fatḥa on the prefix of the present.
to sitL4 · p. 31
جَلَسَ
يَجْلِسُ
اِجْلِسْ
جُلُوسٌ
Kasra inside the present: يَجْلِسُ.
to include, encompassL4 · p. 31
شَمِلَ
يَشْمَلُ
اِشْمَلْ
شَمْلٌ
Kasra in the past like عَمِلَ.
to payL4 · p. 31
دَفَعَ
يَدْفَعُ
اِدْفَعْ
دَفْعٌ
to seeL4 · p. 31
رَأَى
يَرَى
رَ
رُؤْيَةٌ
The command is one letter: رَ.
to be possibleL4 · p. 31
أَمْكَنَ
يُمْكِنُ
أَمْكِنْ
إِمْكَانٌ
Ḍamma on the prefix, like يُرِيدُ. In use: يُمْكِنُنِي I can.
to beL4 · p. 31
كَانَ
يَكُونُ
كُنْ
كَوْنٌ
In use: سَأَكُونُ I will be.
to comeL4 · p. 31
أَتَى
يَأْتِي
اِئْتِ
إِتْيَانٌ
In use: سَآتِي I will come (سَ + أَأْتِي).
Lesson 5 · Study Book p. 40
to be ableL5 · p. 40
اِسْتَطَاعَ
يَسْتَطِيعُ
اِسْتَطِعْ
اِسْتِطَاعَةٌ
Long vowel inside: the command shortens it, اِسْتَطِعْ. In use: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ …؟ can you …?
to standL5 · p. 40
وَقَفَ
يَقِفُ
قِفْ
وُقُوفٌ
The و drops in present and command: يَقِفُ، قِفْ.
to introduce, make knownL5 · p. 40
عَرَّفَ
يُعَرِّفُ
عَرِّفْ
تَعْرِيفٌ
Particle بِـ: يُعَرِّفُ بِنَفْسِهِ he introduces himself. Ḍamma on the prefix (four-letter past).
to meetL5 · p. 40
لَقِيَ
يَلْقَى
اِلْقَ
لِقَاءٌ
Kasra in the past; the command loses its last letter. In use: سَعِيدٌ بِلِقَائِكُمْ.
to stay, resideL5 · p. 40
أَقَامَ
يُقِيمُ
أَقِمْ
إِقَامَةٌ
Ḍamma on the prefix like يُرِيدُ; command like أَرِدْ.
to live, dwellL5 · p. 40
سَكَنَ
يَسْكُنُ
اُسْكُنْ
سَكَنٌ
Particle فِي: أَسْكُنُ فِي …. Ḍamma inside, so the command's alif has ḍamma.
to reach, attainL5 · p. 40
بَلَغَ
يَبْلُغُ
اُبْلُغْ
بُلُوغٌ
In use: كَمْ تَبْلُغُ مِنْ عُمْرِكَ؟ how old are you?
to grow upL5 · p. 40
تَرَعْرَعَ
يَتَرَعْرَعُ
تَرَعْرَعْ
تَرَعْرُعٌ
Begins with تَـ: present = يَـ + whole past; command without alif.
to be empty, freeL5 · p. 40
فَرَغَ
يَفْرَغُ
اِفْرَغْ
فَرَاغٌ
In use: وَقْتُ الفَرَاغِ free time.
to loveL5 · p. 40
أَحَبَّ
يُحِبُّ
أَحِبَّ
مَحَبَّةٌ
Doubled letter: the shadda stays, even in the command أَحِبَّ.
to readL5 · p. 40
قَرَأَ
يَقْرَأُ
اِقْرَأْ
قِرَاءَةٌ
The hamza stays all the way through. اِقْرَأْ — the first word revealed (al-ʿAlaq 1).
to spend (time)L5 · p. 40
قَضَى
يَقْضِي
اِقْضِ
قَضَاءٌ
Book's particle column: الوَقْتَ. Command like اِشْتَرِ.
to speakL5 · p. 40
تَكَلَّمَ
يَتَكَلَّمُ
تَكَلَّمْ
تَكَلُّمٌ
Particle بِـ: أَتَكَلَّمُ بِالعَرَبِيَّةِ.
to learnL5 · p. 40
تَعَلَّمَ
يَتَعَلَّمُ
تَعَلَّمْ
تَعَلُّمٌ
Maṣdar with ḍamma before the last letter: تَعَلُّمٌ.
to begin, startL5 · p. 40
بَدَأَ
يَبْدَأُ
اِبْدَأْ
بَدْءٌ
Hamza verb like قَرَأَ.